The Pagaruyung


Pagaruyung kingdom was founded by a hybrid Minangkabau - Majapahit named Adityawarman, in the year 1347. Adityawarman was the son of Dara and Adwayawarman Orange, daughter of the kingdom Dharmasraya. He was previously with Gajah Mada Mahapatih fight conquered Bali and Jakarta.


Before this kingdom was founded, in fact Minangkabau society in the region already have such political confederation system, which is the consensus of the various institutions and Nagari Luhak. View from the historical continuity, the Kingdom of Pagaruyung such changes are merely administrative system for the local community (tribe Minang).

Adityawarman bertahta initially as a subordinate king (uparaja) from Majapahit and subjected the important areas in Sumatra, such as Kuntu and Kampar, which is of pepper. However, news from China known Pagaruyung send envoys to China a quarter century later. Adityawarman presumably seeks escape from Majapahit.

Majapahit possibility to send back troops to quell Adityawarman. Legend legend Minangkabau-record tremendous battle with the army in the area of the Majapahit Sibusuk. Perhaps the area so called because many corpses are bergelimpangan there. According to the legend of the army successfully defeated Java.

The Hindu
Inscription Adityawarman

The influence of the Hindu Pagaruyung growing roughly at the 13th century and to-14, namely the delivery Ekspedisi Pamalayu by Kertanagara, and the government Ananggawarman Adityawarman and her son. Their power is strong enough Pagaruyung and dominate the middle of the Sumatra region other. In the inscription on the statue Amoghapasa bertarikh year 1347 BC (Sastri 1949) found that in Padang Roco, Batang Hari river upstream, there is praise to the king of Sri Udayadityavarma, which is very likely Adityawarman.

Nevertheless, the descendants of Adityawarman and probably not next Ananggawarman kings strong. Government and replaced by the people themselves Minangkabau Rajo Tigo Selo, assisted by the Central Basa Ampat. Areas Siak, Kampar and Indragiri then separated and ditaklukkan by Malacca Sultanate and the Sultanate of Aceh [1], and then became independent countries.

The influence of Islam

The influence of Islam in Pagaruyung growing roughly at the 16-century, namely through the traveler and the religious teachers who stay over or come out of Aceh and Malacca. One of the students who are scholars of Aceh Singkil Abdurrauf Sheikh (Tengku Syiah Kuala), namely Sheikh Burhanuddin Ulakan, scholars who are considered first spread Islam in Pagaruyung. In the 17th century, the Kingdom of Pagaruyung eventually changed to Islamic sultanate. Islam's first king in the traditional Minangkabau legend mentioned named Sultan Alif.

With the inclusion of Islam, the customary rules that conflict with the teachings of Islam began to be erased and the things that a basic change in the customary rules of Islam. Papatah traditional Minangkabau the famous: "Customary basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah", which means the traditional Minangkabau based on Islam, the religion of Islam based on the AI-Quran.

Relations with the Netherlands and the UK

When VOC successfully overcome the Sultanate of Aceh in the years of war in 1667, Aceh melemahlah influence on Pagaruyung. Relations between the regions and the coastal region with the central Kingdom Pagaruyung be close again. At that time Pagaruyung is one of the trade center on the island of Sumatra, as the production of gold in there. Thus it is to attract the Netherlands and the UK to establish links with Pagaruyung. There are notes that the year 1684, a Portuguese named Tomas Dias made visits to Pagaruyung up the Dutch governor general in Malacca. [2] Since then start terbina communication and trade between the Netherlands (VOC) and Pagaruyung.

As a result of the conflict between England and France in the War Napoleon in the Netherlands where the French, the Netherlands and the UK to fight successfully the west coast of West Sumatra between the years 1795 until the year 1819. Thomas Stamford Raffles Pagaruyung in the year 1818, which at that time had already started going to war between the noble and Padri (indigenous people) Pagaruyung. Raffles at the time found that the burning capital of the kingdom due to the war going. After going peace between England and the Netherlands in 1814, then re-enter the Netherlands in May 1819 year. Netherlands ensure they go back on the island of Sumatra and Pagaruyung, with ditanda-tanganinya treaties London in 1824 with the UK